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华盛顿邮报的 报道
Polish Poet Czeslaw Milosz, 93, Dies
By Patricia Sullivan
Washington Post Staff Writer
Sunday, August 15, 2004; Page C09
Nobel laureate Czeslaw Milosz, 93, one of the major poets of the violent 20th century whose unflinching view of man‘s inhumanity was tempered by his love of the world‘s beauty, died Aug. 14 at his home in Krakow, Poland.
No exact cause of death was reported. His assistant told the Associated Press: "It‘s death, simply death. It was his time -- he was 93."
Czeslaw Milosz, censored in Poland, won the 1980 Nobel Prize.
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His life, forged from the start in the crucible of Russia and Eastern Europe, straddled the chaos and the cataclysms of the century. He spent 30 years in self-imposed exile in France and the United States but returned to Poland in 1989 after the overthrow of Communist rule. His poetry inspired his countrymen for decades before he won the 1980 Nobel Prize for literature, which made him one of the best-read poets in the United States.
"He is without question one of the heroic figures of 20th-century poetry, although ‘heroic‘ was a mantle he shunned," said Robert Faggen, a literature professor at Claremont McKenna College who interviewed, studied and wrote about the poet. "At the [Solidarity] monument in Gdansk, you have icons of three figures: Lech Walesa, Pope John Paul II and Milosz."
His work grappled ceaselessly with the religious and metaphysical paradox of how to live, and maintain one‘s faith, in a world of mass-scale suffering. He insisted on detachment and irony. "There is a very dark vision of the world in my work," he once told a Washington Post reporter, but he added that he was "a great partisan of human hope" due to his religious convictions. He believed, he said, in "the passionate pursuit of the real."
Mr. Milosz was born in what is now Lithuania and raised on the battle lines of Russia during World War I. His father built roads for the czarist army. After the war, the family returned to its home town, which had become part of the Polish state. Mr. Milosz fought in the Resistance in World War II, living in occupied Warsaw and publishing anti-Nazi poetry in underground journals. He entered the diplomatic corps of the fledgling Polish republic after the war, serving for a time as cultural attache in Washington.
Disillusioned with Stalinism, Mr. Milosz left Poland, finding political asylum in France, where he published "The Captive Mind" (1953), a widely influential attack on the manner in which the Polish Communist Party destroyed the independence of the intelligentsia. His work was censored in Poland but circulated underground. It was not translated into English until 1973.
He took a job as a professor of literature at the University of California at Berkeley in 1960 and became a U.S. citizen in 1970.
Mr. Milosz cut an imposing figure, a barrel-chested and vigorous man whose most memorable characteristic was his wild, dark eyebrows. A translator of Shakespeare, Milton, Baudelaire and T.S. Eliot into his native tongue, a scholar who commanded Russian, Polish, English, Latin, Greek and Hebrew, Mr. Milosz radiated a demanding intellectual style, colleagues said. He became an extremely popular lecturer on campus, even before the 1980 Nobel Prize catapulted his popularity.
Mr. Milosz wrote his poems in Polish, then translated them. He turned to Robert L. Hass, later the American poet laureate, and others to refine the English. This co-translation resulted in a second translation of the beautifully accessible language, with deeply thought-out meanings.
His work was read not just by students and Polish partisans (his name, entered in the online Google search engine, returns 33,900 results), but fellow Pole Karol Józef Wojtyla, now known as Pope John Paul II.
Faggen said the pope and the poet began corresponding over Mr. Milosz‘s treatise on theology and its justifications of evil.
"One of the things the pope said to him was, ‘In your poetry, you take two steps forward and one step back.‘ Czeslaw replied, ‘Holy father, how in this century can I do otherwise?‘ " Faggen said.
He is survived by two sons. His first wife, Janina, died in 1986. His second wife, Carol, died in 2003.
Mr. Milosz would have been impatient with attempts to understand him through a recitation of biography. "Biographies are like seashells; not much can be learned from them about the mollusk that once lived inside them," he wrote in "Milosz‘s ABCs" (2001).
Although he was ill, he was writing until recently. He pursued meaning until the end of his life, asserting, in a poem called "Meaning" (1991):
When I die, I will see the lining of the world
The other side, beyond bird, mountain, sunset
The true meaning, ready to be decoded.
And if there is no meaning, what remains, he said, is a word, a tireless messenger who "calls out, protests, screams."
华盛顿邮报的报道
93年波兰诗人切斯瓦夫,死亡
帕特丽夏·沙利文
《华盛顿邮报》的特约撰稿人
星期日,2004年8月15日,C09页
93年诺贝尔奖得主切斯瓦夫,20世纪的暴力的主要诗人之一的人为的不人道而坚定的观点受到他的爱世界上的美,死于8月14日在家中在克拉科夫,波兰。
没有公布确切死因。他的助手告诉美联社:“这是死亡,死亡。这是他——他已经93岁了。”
切斯瓦夫,审查在波兰,赢得了1980年的诺贝尔奖。
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他的生活,从一开始就建立在俄罗斯和东欧的坩埚,跨越了混乱和灾难的世纪。他花了30年的自我放逐在法国和美国,但回到波兰后,于1989年推翻共产党统治。他的诗歌启发他的同胞们几十年来在他赢得了1980年诺贝尔文学奖,这使他的最佳读物的诗人之一在美国。
”他无疑是20世纪诗歌的英雄人物之一,虽然“英雄”是一个地幔他回避,”Robert Faggen说,一位在克莱蒙麦肯纳学院文学教授采访,研究和写诗人。”(团结)纪念碑在格但斯克,你有图标的三个人物:瓦文萨,教皇约翰·保罗二世和斯洛。”
他的工作在不断作斗争的宗教和形而上学的悖论如何生活,并保持一个人的信仰,在大规模的世界里痛苦。他坚持要超脱和讽刺。”有一个非常黑暗的世界在我的工作,”一次他曾告诉《华盛顿邮报》的记者,但他补充说,他是“一个伟大的党派人类的希望”由于他的宗教信仰。他说,他相信,在“真正的激情的追求。”
夫先生出生在现在的立陶宛和俄罗斯提出的战线上第一次世界大战期间,他父亲修建公路的沙皇的军队。战争结束后,全家回到它的家乡,成为波兰国家的一部分。耐夫先生参加了第二次世界大战期间,住在占领华沙和发布在地下反纳粹诗歌杂志。他进入外交使团羽翼未丰的波兰共和国的战争结束后,在一段时间内担任文化专员在华盛顿。
对斯大林主义,斯洛先生离开波兰,发现政治庇护在法国,他在那里发表“俘虏”(1953),一个广泛影响力的攻击波兰共产党的方式摧毁了知识分子的独立性。他的工作是审查在波兰,但地下流传。它直到1973年才翻译成英文。
他找到了一份工作作为一个文学教授在加州大学伯克利分校1960年,于1970年成为美国公民。
奥斯洛切一个图,一个胸部丰满、充满活力的人最难忘的特点是他的狂野,黑暗的眉毛。翻译的莎士比亚、弥尔顿、波德莱尔和艾略特在他的母语,一个学者吩咐俄语,波兰语,英语、拉丁语、希腊语和希伯来语,斯洛先生辐射要求知识的风格,同事说。他成为一个非常受欢迎的讲师在校园,甚至让他的声望在1980年诺贝尔奖。
夫先生写他的诗歌在波兰,然后翻译。他转向罗伯特·l·哈斯,后来美国桂冠诗人,和其他改进英语。这co-translation导致第二个漂亮访问语言的翻译,与深熟虑的含义。
他的工作是阅读不仅仅是学生和波兰游击队(他的名字,进入谷歌在网络搜索引擎返回33900条结果),但极Karol约瑟夫Wojtyla同胞,现在被称为教皇约翰·保罗二世。
Faggen说教皇和诗人开始相应的瓦夫先生的论述神学和邪恶的理由。
“教皇对他说的一件事是,“在你的诗歌,你向前走两步,后退一步。”切斯回答,“神圣的父亲,否则我在这个世纪如何做什么?”Faggen说。
他有两个儿子。他的第一任妻子,怪不得我,死于1986年。他的第二任妻子卡罗,死于2003年。
夫先生会不耐烦试图理解他通过习题课的传记。“传记就像贝壳,没有多少可以从他们曾经住过的软体动物,”他写道,“洛abc”(2001)。
尽管他病了,他写的是直到最近。他追求的意义,直到他生命的最后,断言,在一首诗叫做“意义”(1991年):
当我死了,我将看到世界的衬里
另一方面,除了鸟,山,日落
真正的意义,可以解码。
如果没有意义,剩下的,他说,是一个词,一个不知疲倦的信使”称,抗议,尖叫声。”
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作者：南岭寒 时间：2004-08-18 23:19:32
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